2014-2018年四川省从事放射性工作人员染色体畸变率分析

Analysis on Chromosome Aberration Rate of Radioactive Practitioners in Sichuan Province From 2014 to 2018

目的分析四川地区长期从事放射性工作接触小剂量辐照的人员外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变类型及畸变率,评价低剂量辐射对全省从事放射性工作人员染色体损伤情况,为完善辐射安全防护,加强职业健康监护提供科学依据。方法以四川省2014-2018年从事放射性工作并接受职业健康监护的8 887例人员为观察组,以2018年近半年内无辐射接触的健康体检者200例为对照组,采用外周血淋巴细胞培养法,检测外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变情况,将结果进行分类整理并统计分析。结果观察组从事放射性工作人员染色体总畸变率为4.51%,显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=7.45,P<0.01);不同工龄工作人员淋巴细胞染色体畸变率随着工龄增加呈升高趋势;外周血淋巴细胞染色体总畸变率大体呈逐年下降趋势。结论长期接触小剂量辐照对人体健康存在一定影响,并随工龄增加有所提升,应持续加强和推进辐射防护和健康监测。

Objective To analyze the types and rates of chromosome aberration in peripheral blood lymphocyte of workers exposed to low-dose radiation for a long time in Sichuan, and to evaluate the chromosomal damage of radioactive workers with low-dose radiation in this province,so as to provide scientific basis for improving radiation safety protection and strengthening occupational health monitoring. Method This study selected 8 887 persons engaged in radiation work and receiving occupational health surveillance from 2014 to 2018 in Sichuan province as the experimental group, while 200 healthy persons without radiation exposure in the past half year of2018 were taken as the control group. The chromosome aberrations of peripheral blood lymphocyte were detected by peripheral blood lymphocyte culture method. The results were sorted out and analyzed statistically. Result The general chromosome aberration rate of radiation workers in the experimental group was 4.51%,which was significantly higher than that of the control group (χ~2=7.45, P<0.01). The chromosome aberration rate of lymphocyte increased with the increase of working age, and the total chromosome aberration rate of peripheral blood lymphocyte decreased by years. Conclusion Long-term exposure to low-dose radiation has a certain impact on human health and raises with the increase of working age. It is necessary to continue to strengthen and promote occupational health radiation protection and health monitoring.