早期艺术中的“一首双身”形象研究

Image Study of “One Head with Two Bodies” in the Early Arts

我国早期艺术中的“一首双身”形象,其实是“剖展”表现手法的结果,与《山海经》中“肥遗”等神怪并无关系。所谓“剖展”,是在保持动物头部完整的前提下,将动物的身躯剖裂为两扇,然后将两扇身躯分别水平放于正视的头部两侧,形成“一首双身”的形象。这样做的目的是将三维的动物二维化到器物表面。三代艺术中,目前所见到的用“剖展”模式来表现的动物有:蛇、虎、牛、龙、饕餮、人等。“剖展”模式的渊源可能与良渚文化玉琮棱边上神人兽面纹的平面化有关。中国早期艺术中的“剖展”模式与印第安艺术有较多相似之处,但后者的“剖展”手法更为丰富。

The image of"one head with two bodies"in the early art of our country is actually the result of the expression technique of"profile exhibition",which has nothing to do with the gods and monsters such as"Feiyi"in the classic of Mountains and Seas.The so-called"profile exhibition"is to split the animal's body into two fans on the premise of keeping the animal's head intact.Then,the two fans are placed horizontally on both sides of the head,forming the image of"one head with two bodies".It intends to put the three-dimensional animal onto the surface of the two-dimensional object.In the three generations of art,the animals shown in the"profile exhibition"mode include:snake,tiger,ox,dragon,taotie(a mythical ferocious animal in the classic of Mountains and Seas)and human.The origin of"profile exhibition"may be related to the flatness of the god-man with beast face grain in liangzhu culture.There are many similarities between Chinese early art“profile exhibition”and Indian art,but the latter's methods are more abundant.