拓跋鲜卑南迁匈奴故地考古学研究的文献反证——重读宿白先生《东北、内蒙古地区的鲜卑遗迹》

Documentary Counter-evidence of Archaeological Research on Southward Migration of Tuoba Xianbei to Hun’s Old Haunt——Rereading Su Bai’s Xianbei Relics in Northeast and Inner Mongolia

宿白先生以大体比定的考古资料,结合文献记载《魏书·序纪》,推定完工、扎赉诺尔、南杨家营子、二兰虎沟、达茂旗墓群是拓跋鲜卑南迁匈奴故地的遗迹。40年来考古界循此探索,方兴未艾,确定的南迁遗迹越来越多。本文以文献史料为反证,认为,完工、扎赉诺尔、达茂旗墓群是否是拓跋鲜卑的遗迹,或遗迹的“标本”,尚须论证;而南杨家营子、二兰虎沟,以及越来越多的所谓南迁遗迹的说法都是站不住的。

Based on the archaeological data of general comparison and the records of Weishu·Xuji,Su Bai concludes that the tombs of Wangong,ZalaiNuoer,NanyangjiaYingzi,Erlanhu Gou and Damao Banner are the relics of southward migration of TuobaXianbei to Hun’s old haunt.In the past 40 years,archaeologists have been following the exploration,which is in the ascendant,and more and more southward migration relics have been determined.Based on the historical documents as the counter-evidence,the author argues that whether the tombs of Wancheng,ZalaiNuoer and Damao Banner are the relics of TuobaXianbei or the“specimens”of the relics still need to be proved;moreover,the statements aboutNanyangjiaYingzi,Erlanhu Gou and more and more so-called relics of south migration are all indefensible.