另一种边陲:晋冀蒙交界地区的移民村落社会

Another Kind of Border Society: Immigrant Village Society in the Border Area of Shanxi, Hebei and Inner Mongolia

西方人类学家在研究中国东南地区农村社会时,提出了边陲社会的概念。认为汉民族在边陲地区的开发过程中父权意识为这种群体的形成提供了社会文化基础,由此便出现了大规模宗族组织。本文以明清以来中国北方地区即晋冀蒙交界地区移民村落为对象,探讨了这一地区移民社会的“有关系,无组织”特征,试图以另一种边陲社会模式来揭示汉族移民村落社会的多样性。本文发现晋冀蒙交界地区移民村落的一个基本特点就是这里虽然有浓密、多重的人际互助合作关系,但是并没有宗族或地域性的互助合作组织。由此看来,中国的边陲社会是多种多样的,不能把东南地区的移民社会作为唯一模式。由于历史原因,国外学者和早期人类学研究以往主要集中在东南地区,久而久之,有人便将其作为了中国移民社会的典型形态,这其实是一种误解。

Western anthropologists put forward the concept of border society when they study the rural society of Southeast China.It is believed that the patriarchal consciousness provides the social and cultural basis for the formation of this group in the process of Han nationality developing the border areas,thus a large-scale clan organizations appear.Taking the immigrant villages in northern region China that is Shanxi,Hebei,Inner Mongolia border area since Ming and Qing Dynasties as the object of study,the author discusses the“being relevant without organization”characteristics of the immigrant society in this area,and attempts to reveal the diversity of Han immigrant village society with another border social model.It is found that one of the basic characteristics of the immigrant villages in the border area of Shanxi,Hebei and Inner Mongolia is that although there are dense and multiple interpersonal cooperative relationships,there are no clan or regional cooperative organizations.Thus,China’s border society is diverse,the immigrant society in Southeast China can not be regarded as the only model.Due to historical reasons,foreign scholars and early anthropological studies were mainly concentrated on Southeast China.Over time,some people took it as a typical form of Chinese immigrant society,which is actually a misunderstanding.