大国在中亚的“软实力”政策比较分析

Comparative Analysis of Soft Power Policies of Great Powers in Central Asia

近代以来,中亚一直是各大国竞争的场域。中亚国家独立以后,传统上以政治、经济和军事等“硬实力”为基础的大国竞争仍然存在,作为评估大国影响力和感召力的“软实力”竞争逐渐兴起。俄罗斯、美国、土耳其等国在中亚都制定了各不相同、各具特色的“软实力”政策。近年来,我国与中亚各国的经济往来越来越密切,特别是“一带一路”倡议提出以来,我国的资本和人员大量进入中亚。但我国在中亚的“软实力”与经济实力并不相称,经济实力并没有转化成为对中亚国家的影响力和感召力,中亚国家的反华情绪反而在不断增长。在制定“软实力”政策上,我国应该增强在社会层面的交往,鼓励非政府组织、基金会、研究机构、智库更多地进入中亚地区,了解当地社会运转的规则与制度、中亚国家民众的实际需求,对当地社会的民族状况、部族政治、宗教信仰、文化生态进行深入了解,制定符合中亚国家国情、社情的“软实力”政策。

Since modern times,Central Asia has been the field of great power competition.After the independence of the Central Asian countries,the traditional great power competition based on the hard power of politics,economy and military still existed,and the soft power competition,as an evaluation of the influence and charisma of the great powers,gradually emerged Russia,the United States,Turkey and other countries in Central Asia have developed different and distinctive soft power policies.In recent years,China's economic contacts with Central Asian countries have become increasingly close.Especially since the Belt and Road initiative was put forward,a large lot of Chinese capital and people have entered Central Asia.However,China's soft power in Central Asia is not commensurate with its economic strength,which has not turned into its influence and appeal to Central Asian countries.However,anti-China sentiment in Central Asian countries is on the rise.On soft power policy,China should strengthen the social exchanges,encourage nongovernmental organizations,foundation research institute,a think-tank more access to Central Asia to understand the local social rules and operation system,people's actual demand,nationalities and tribal politics and cultural ecology so that it can formulate soft power policies in line with the national conditions and social conditions of Central Asian countries.