原油中石油酸、石油碱的分离、表征与界面活性研究

The extraction,characterization and interfacial activity of petroleum acid and alkaline components

本工作针对辽河油田二元复合驱代表性原油进行了石油酸、石油碱组分的萃取分离与制备,其中,萃出石油酸组分含量为3.88%,萃出石油碱组分含量为4.46%。通过电喷雾质谱表征了石油酸、石油碱的基本结构,证实了石油酸的相对分子质量主要分布在400~900,对应碳数分布在C27~C62,结构以环烷酸为主,石油碱的相对分子质量主要分布在300~700,对应碳数分布在C21~C49,结构以环烷碱为主。此外,通过界面活性研究,证实了石油酸组分与辽河两性表面活性剂具有明显的相互作用,是有效降低界面张力的重要原油活性组分,石油碱组分对界面张力的降低也有一定贡献,但弱于石油酸组分。

In this work,the acid and alkaline components are extracted from the binary composite system produced petroleum,thereinto,the acid content is 3.88%and the alkaline content is 4.46%.Electrospray ionization MS characterizes the basic structures of the acid and alkaline components.It shows that the molecular weight of acid mainly ranges from 400~900 corresponding to the carbon number from C27~C62,and the main structure is naphthenic acid.The molecular weight of alkaline mainly ranges from 300~700 corresponding to the carbon number from C21~C49,and the main structure is naphthenic alkaline.Moreover,the interfacial activity demonstrates that the petroleum acid has strong effect with the Liaohe zwitterionic surfactant and is the most important active petroleum component for producing low interfacial tension,and the alkaline component also has effect on lowering the interfacial tension,although less than the acid component.