从面向政府到面向社会:西方公共行政学发展的一个基本分期——兼论公共行政公共性的发现

Facing from Government to Society: Basic Division of the Development Periods of Western Public Administration

学术史是公共行政学的基础性知识构成。以公共行政的中心及其转移为依据,西方公共行政学的发展可以分为面向政府的公共行政和面向社会的公共行政两个基本时期。面向政府的公共行政以政府为公共行政中心并追求公共行政的科学化和效率化;面向社会的公共行政以社会为公共行政中心,以提供良好的公共服务为旨归。这一学术分期虽然宏观和简略,却揭示了西方公共行政理论和实践发展的内在逻辑进程,体现了西方公共行政理论和实践发展的整体性与连贯性,避免陷入碎片化、割裂化以及简单的阶段叠加的危险,也为公共行政之公共性的发现提供了一个知识背景。

Academic history is the basic knowledge of public administration. Based on the center of public administration and its transfer,the development of Western public administration can be divided into two basic periods: public administration facing the government and public administration facing the society. The public administration facing the government takes the government as the public administration center and pursues the scientization and efficiency;the public administration facing the society takes the society as the public administration center and pursues serving the society. Although this historical division is macroscopic and simple,it reveals the internal logic process and embodies the integrity and coherence of the development of Western public administration theory and practice,and provides a knowledge background.