上颌前牙长轴在牙槽骨的位置对即刻种植效果的前瞻性研究

A prospective study of the influence of the position of alveolar bone and the maxilla incisor root on immediate implant

目的对上颌前牙牙根在牙槽骨的位置进行分类和分析,为临床上的即刻种植提供相应数据以取得满意功能及美学效果。方法对符合纳入标准的广东地区的150例患者[男59例,女91例,平均年龄(47.45±1.15)岁]的CBCT图片进行分析。测量牙根在牙槽骨的位置,并通过根中1/2处唇腭侧牙槽骨厚度(临界值:唇侧骨壁2 mm+植骨间隙0.5 mm+种植体最小直径3.5 mm+腭侧骨壁1 mm=7 mm)和牙根与牙槽骨中线所成角度的大小(临界值:5°)进行牙根位置的分类,若根中1/2处唇腭侧牙槽骨厚度小于7 mm为Type X;若根中1/2处唇腭侧牙槽骨厚度大于7 mm则分为颊侧型(Type B)、中间型(Type M)、腭侧型(Type P)。结果在600颗中切牙及侧切牙中,Type B、Type M、Type P、Type X的所占比例分别为76.33%、4.83%、0.17%、18.67%。结论成人Type B型占较大比例,上颌前牙唇侧骨板厚度较薄,且牙根轴向多偏向唇侧。Type M和Type P较少。Type X占有一定比例,该类人群唇腭侧可用骨宽度较小,不适合进行即刻种植。

Objective To analysis and classify the position of alveolar bone and the maxilla incisor root which may offer more details for immediate implantation in the esthetic zone.Methods CBCT data of the maxil?lary incisors of 150 Guangdong patients′cases(males:59,females:91,average age:47.45±1.15)was selected from the department of radiology in Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University.The relationship of the root position of the maxillary incisor was classified as buccal type(Type B),palatally type(Type P),midway type(Type M)which thickness of labial and palatal bone in 1/2 of the root was more than 7 mm and Type X which thickness of labial and palatal bone in 1/2 of the root was less than 7 mm.Results The differences between the al?veolar bone of the maxillary incisor root position were significant.Most of the maxillary incisor(76.33%)were posi?tioned more buccally(Type B),0.17%were positioned more palatally(Type P),4.83%were more midway(Type M)and 18.67%of them which thickness was less than 7mm(Type X).Conclusion Most of the maxillary inci?sors were positioned more buccally.However,some of them,their thickness was less than 7 mm,which were not suitable for immediate implantation.