循宪法指引理顺法官管理规则体系

Following the Guidance of the Constitution to Rationalize the System of Rules on the Administration of Judges

目前我国在位阶上居于法律层次的法官管理规则过于简略,于是各级法院本身成了法官管理规则的主要制定主体。各级法院制定法官管理规则都没有宪法和法律上的依据。由于各级法院制定的法官管理规则游离于法定监督之外,运行中的法官管理体系呈现各种混乱现象。我国应循宪法的规定或精神理顺法官管理规则体系,其基本要求是:全国人大或其常委会以制定或修改法律的形式形成法官管理所需的法律位阶的规范体系;如有必要,全国人大或其常委会也可授权最高人民法院就法官管理的改革事项制定试行规则;最高人民法院可以就我国《法官法》等法官管理法律所规定的事项制定实施细则;中国法官协会应当制定法官职业道德规范;地方各级法院不适合制定任何形式的法官管理规则。

At present, the rules enjoying the rank as the law on the administration of judges in China are too simple, so the courts at all levels themselves become the main subjects formulating the rules on the administration of judges. There is no basis in the Constitution or laws for such rule formulation. Because the rules on the administration of judges formulated by the courts at all levels are beyond the legal supervision,the system of administration of judges in operation presents various kinds of mess. China should rationalize the system of rules on the administration of judges in accordance with the provisions or spirit of the Constitution, the basic requirements of which are as follows: the NPC or its Standing Committee shall form the system of norms enjoying the legal rank required for the administration of judges by means of formulating or amending laws;if necessary, the NPC or its Standing Committee may authorize the Supreme People’s Court to formulate pilot rules on the reform concerning the administration of judges;the Supreme People’s Court may formulate detailed rules on matters set forth in laws on the administration of judges such as the Law on Judges;the China Association of Judges formulates the professional code of ethics for judges;local courts at all levels are not appropriate subjects of formulating any form of rules on the administration of judges.