新中国养老保险70年:经验、问题与展望

Pension Insurance in the 70 Years since the Founding of the People’s Republic of China:Experience,Problems and Prospect

从新中国成立以来的实践出发,中国养老保险体系近70年的改革发展可分为四个阶段——创建时期、改革时期、扩面与制度整合时期和降费时期。本文结合中国实践和养老保险一般运行原理,从统账结合、过渡期方案、政府补贴、名义账户和法制建设方面总结了养老保险改革的中国经验,并指出我国养老保险体系面临可持续性、可负担性、充足性、地区差异和多层次发展问题。基于此,本文对未来我国养老保险可持续发展做出展望,提出了增加财政补贴、提高养老保险基金收益率、提升统筹层次、延长退休年龄及确定适度的养老保险水平等政策建议。

Based on the practice since the founding of People's Republic of China,the reform and development process of China's pension insurance system in the past 70 years can be divided into four stages—the establishment period,the reform period,the expansion and system integration period and the fee reduction period.Combining Chinese practice and pension insurance general operation principle,this paper summarizes experience in pension insurance reform from combination of social pooling with individual accounts,transitional scheme,government subsidies,non-financial defined contribution and legal construction and points out that the pension insurance system in China is facing the problems of sustainability,affordability,sufficiency,regional differences and multi-level development.On the basis of above analysis,this paper looks forward to the sustainable development of China's pension insurance in the future and puts forward policy suggestions such as increasing financial subsidies,raising the rate of return of pension insurance fund,upgrading the pooling level,extending the retirement age and determining the appropriate level of pension insurance.