中国社会救助70年:从数量扩张走向质量提升

Social Assistance in the 70 Years since the Founding of the PRC: From Quantity Expansion to Quality Improvement

经过近70年的改革与发展,中国社会救助制度在救助项目、覆盖人群、救助标准和财政支出等数量方面实现了由少到多、由小到大、由点到面的巨大发展,但是仍然存在质量欠缺问题,主要体现在法制规范不健全、项目安排不尽合理、全民覆盖尚未到位、救助标准偏低且城乡差距拉大、央地财政责任不清晰以及缺乏科学的制度准入和退出机制六个方面。为此,政府应当加强法制规范建设、优化制度的项目结构、适度提升救助标准、明确央地财政责任以及建立科学的制度准入和退出机制,促使中国社会救助从数量扩张走向质量提升,以逐步实现社会救助制度的成熟、定型。

After nearly 70 years of reform and development,China social assistance system has achieved great development in terms of the number of assistance programs,the number of people covered,the standards of assistance and the amount of fiscal expenditure,however,it still suffers from a lack of quality,which is mainly reflected in six aspects:the legal system is not perfect;the project arrangement is not reasonable;the universal coverage is not yet in place;the relief standard is low and the gap between urban and rural areas is widening;the fiscal responsibility of the central and local governments is unclear;the system lacks scientific system access and exit mechanism.Therefore,the government should take a series of measures,such as strengthening the construction of legal system,optimizing the project structure of the system,raising the assistance standard moderately,clarifying the fiscal responsibility of central and local governments and establishing a scientific access and exit mechanism of social assistance system,so as to promote China's social assistance system from quantity expansion to quality improvement and achieve the state of maturity and finalization.