水下应急封井器的现状与发展

Overview of Current Subsea Capping Stack and Its Development

井喷失控是油气田开发过程中最为严重的事故,深水井喷失控的处置更加困难,水下应急封井器是处置深水井喷失控的重要手段。本文针对水下应急封井器的技术现状和未来发展方向进行了研究和分析。本文调研分析了当前全球水下应急封井器的资源情况、关键技术参数及生产制造标准,将当前水下应急封井器分为3类:常规闸板型、常规闸阀型和非常规闸阀型,分析了其结构设计的特点及优缺点。对国内开展水下应急封井器的研制提出建议:研发方面,提出标准化(优化装置零部件)、轻量化(减小装置重量及尺寸)、模块化(优化装置构成)、全电控模式、提供中性浮力模组,此外,还对现有的国外相关标准和规范做了相应修正,同时建议尽快制定国内水下应急封井器的国家标准,以保证抢险工作的规范进行。水下应急封井器主要用于井喷失控后的紧急封堵和临时处置,研究水下应急封井器的现状和未来发展方向,对于深水油气勘探开发有着极其重要的指导和借鉴作用。

Subsea capping stack is an important equipment in treating deep-water blowout.This paper presents current technique and future development of subsea capping stack based on the investigation on its sources,key features and standards;classifies the subsea capping stack into 3 kinds-the ram type,the conventional gate valve type and the unconventional gate valve type,and analyzes the structural features,advantages and disadvantages.Besides,proposals for the development of the subsea capping stack in mainland are put forward,including standardization(components optimization),size and weight optimization,components block set,full electronic control mode and offering neutral buoyancy sets.In addition,the existing foreign standards has been revised accordingly.National standard is also recommended to be established for domestic developed subsea capping stack as soon as possible to guarantee the work standard.As subsea capping stack is placed over flowing well to stop or redirect the flow of hydrocarbons and designed to restore well control and mitigate environmental impacts,studying on its current technique and future development offers a certain guidance and reference significance for the exploration and development of deep-water oil and gas.