“帝后之争”——赫梯安塔赫舒节日中国王与王后地位考辨

“Discord”:On the Statuses of King and Queen in the Hittite EZEN AN.TAH.ŠUM Festival

安塔赫舒节日不仅是赫梯人所举办的宗教性活动,还是以赫梯国王和王后为代表的统治阶层实行国家行政管理和稳定社会秩序的手段之一,因此它在一定程度上也体现了赫梯王国的政治文化。在不同时期的安塔赫舒节日文本中,国王和王后双方角色和作用存在着变换,其本质就是赫梯王权政治中的“帝后之争”,然而节日活动中这种“帝后之争”的趋势似乎又存在着相互矛盾之处。通过对赫梯王国历史上不同时期王权政治变迁的梳理,这种表面上相互冲突的趋势得到了合理的解释,安塔赫舒节日中的“帝后之争”恰恰也真实地反映了赫梯国王和王后之间的关系。

The AN.TAH.?UM festival was not only a religious activity held by the Hittites,but also a means for the Hittite king and queen to administrate the state and stabilize the social order,reflecting to a certain extent the political culture of the Hittite kingdom.The roles and functions of king and queen were different in texts on AN.TAH.?UM festival from different historical periods,which essentially showcased a“discord”between king and queen in Hittite politics.The general pattern of such“discords”,however,shows a clear internal contradiction.A review of the history of Hittite kingship in different historical periods not only resolves this contradictory pattern,but also reveals the true nature of king-queen relationship and their“discords”.