从“文化自觉”看当代中国乡村经济及其发展趋向——费孝通学术历程和方法论的一个重要特质

On Fei Xiao-tong’s “Cultural Consciousness” for Contemporary Chinese Village Economy and Its Development Trend by His Academic Course and Methodology

“和而不同”是“文化自觉”的精义所在。“文化自觉”的目的是维护人类社会的生存和发展,而要做到这一点,就必须承认世界各国、各民族的文化是多样性的,有差异的多种文化共存不仅不是全球化的阻碍,反而是人类文明的演进动力和安全装置。因此,构建一个“超越常规的理念”,即各种文化之间互相理解、合作兼容的人类认知和制度架构十分必要。对费孝通学术历程和方法论的文献梳理表明,中国古代的“和而不同”智慧和西方的经验主义认识论等都可以对此发挥有益的作用。

As one of wisdom concepts in ancient China,“harmonious and different”(he er bu tong)also is the core meaning of Fei Xiao-tong’s“cultural consciousness”.There are so many different cultures in the world and their common survival and development is not a retard but a hinder power and security mechanism for human civilization so forming a consensus of cultural consciousness is necessary for protecting and promoting human’s existence and development.Thus,constructing“an idea to transcend the common”,a human recognition and institutional framework with mutual understanding,cooperation and compatibility between each civilization is necessary.By study on Fei Xiao-tong’s academic course and methodology,it can be seen clearly that“harmonious and different”(he er bu tong)still has its modern value as good as Empiricist philosophy in the Western in order to achieve this task.