国外基础教育多元模式办学的政策理据和实施效应

On the Strategical Basis and Implementation Effects of Multimodal School Provision in Overseas Basic Education

本世纪初以来,多元模式办学已成为国外解决基础教育资源不足和资源分配不均问题、促进家长择校和教育公平的一剂良方。但由于不同国家面临的问题有别,多元模式办学的实施途径亦不尽相同:英国政府出台了"阿加德米学校计划",旨在加快多元模式办学的新进程;美国教师联盟则号召通过"特许学校"或"选择学校"的概念改革整个公立学校系统,得到了多数州政府的响应。本文以英国的阿加德米独立学校和美国的小型选择学校和特许学校为个案,对国外多元模式办学的政策理据和实施效应进行了考查,认为国外的多元模式办学对我国的基础教育改革具有直接的借鉴意义。

Since the beginning of this century,multimodal provision of schools has become an effective measure to tackle the deficiency and uneven distribution of basic educational resources and promoted school choice and education equity.Yet,as different countries are faced with different problems,the ways of multimodal provision of schools are different:the English government brought out the"Academy Schools Initiative"with a view to speed up the process of setting up multi-model schools;while the American Federation of Teachers called on reforming the whole public school system according to the conceptions of"charter schools"and"schools of choice",which was followed by the majority of state governments.This paper,by using Academy Schools in England,Small Schools of Choice and Charter Schools in America,and Schools of Tomorrow in Brazil as cases,probes into the strategical basis and implementation effects of overseas multimodal provision of schools,based upon which the author holds that overseas multimodal provision of schools is of direct reference significance to the reform of basic education in our country.