民法典编纂对财产犯罪法益保护的影响

Impact of Civil Code Codification on the Protection of Legal Interest of Property Crime

在民法之外,重新构建一个仅适用于刑法中财产犯罪法益保护的判断标准,既无必要也不现实。财产犯罪法益保护扩张的主要目的是为了入罪,不论是"利益的法益化"还是"管理的占有化",都是以保护法益之名行扩张犯罪圈之实。犯罪圈的不当扩张,不仅会有损整体法秩序,还会弱化乃至消解法益甄别法与不法的机能。部门法之间的紧张关系在任何法律体系下都是无可避免的,民法典编纂为解决"刑民倒挂"问题以及增加法秩序统一性原理在刑民之间的衔接度提供了重要契机。为此,应重新梳理刑民之间围绕财产、占有、管理等方面的争议问题,将民法所确定的财产法益内容作为财产犯罪法益保护的基本依据,并允许刑法根据财产犯罪的特点对法益保护范围作出适当调整。这样做的目的不是通过民法给刑法套上枷锁,而是在遵循法秩序统一性原理的基础上达成应有的刑民共识。

It is neither necessary nor realistic to rebuild a new standard which only applies to the protection of the legal interest of property crime in criminal law. The main purpose of the expansion of legal interest of property crime is criminalization. Therefore, either "legalization of interest" or "possession of management" refers to the fact of expanding the criminal circle in the name of protecting legal interest. The improper expansion of the criminal circle will not only damage the overall legal order, but also weaken and even deprive the legal interest of the function of distinguishing the legal from illegal. The strained relations between departmental laws are inevitable under any legal system, and it is an important opportunity to solve the problem of "inversion between the criminal law and civil law" and to increase the cohesion of the principle of the unity of legal order between the criminal law and civil law on the basis of the civil code codification. Therefore, we should reorganize the core disputes between the criminal law and civil law about property, possession and management, and take the content of legal interest in civil law as the basis for the protection of legal interest in property crime. In addition, we should allow the criminal law to make appropriate adjustments to the scope of protection of legal interest according to the characteristics of property crime. The purpose of this is not to impose shackles on the criminal law through civil law, but to reach a consensus between the criminal law and civil law on the basis of the principle of the unity of legal order.