浅谈小水电工程退出拆坝的环境评估

Brief Analysis on Environmental Assessment for Dam Removal of Small Hydropower Project

为响应近年来国家对小水电站整顿的政策要求,一些小水电站的退出拆坝被提上了议程。我国针对大坝建设等工程项目制定了完善的环境影响评价体系,但拆坝工程则尚未形成规范的管理程序和技术标准。通过对美国拆坝工程的案例调研,分析其拆坝原因、法律依据、环境评估履行程序和工作要求,并结合我国水电环境管理特点,研究提出了小水电站拆坝工程的环境评估流程和评估要点,以为后续相关工作及标准制定提供参考。

In response to state policy requirements for the rectification of small hydropower stations in recent years,some small hydropower stations may be demolished.China has developed a complete environmental impact assessment system for dam construction projects,but the standardized management procedures and technical standards for dam removal have not yet been formed.Based on the case studies of dam removal in United States,the reasons and legal basis of dam removal,and the procedures and requirements of environmental assessment in United States are analyzed.Combining with the characteristics of hydropower environmental management in China,the process and key points of environmental assessment of small hydropower dam removal project are proposed to provide reference for follow-up works and standard formulation.