宋代的疆界形态与疆界意识

Border Forms and Border Consciousness in the Song

宋代存在着点状模糊疆界、片状模糊疆界、带状清晰疆界和线状清晰疆界等多样疆界形态。影响疆界形态的主要因素是关系形态,疆界清晰程度与关系的对抗程度呈正比。宋朝划分疆界的主要目的是现实安全应对,核心是分隔版籍与非版籍的民和地,保护赋役来源和直辖郡县的安全,显示了宋朝对待周边关系时构建华夷秩序之外的实用主义面向。宋代疆界形态及其反映的观念有其时代特殊性,但总体上是对中国古代自有传统的承继,并不具有变革意义,也不必用“近代性”加以阐释。

The Song delineation of borders was diverse,ranging from blurred dotted lines,blurred slabs,and clearly marked strips and lines.The main factor influencing these forms was relationships;the degree of clarity of the border was proportional to the degree of confrontation in the relationship.The Song dynasty’s main purpose in delineating borders was dealing with immediate security concerns,revolving around separating registered and unregistered populations and land,protecting the source of taxes and corvée labor and ensuring the safety of prefectures and counties under direct control.This demonstrates the Song took a pragmatic approach to constructing relations with their neighbors alongside the hua-yi order(of Chinese vs foreigners/barbarians).The Song delineation of borders and the concepts they reflected were marked by the characteristics of their times.Overall,however,they carried on the various traditions innate to ancient China.Their approach did not signify change,nor is it necessary to interpret it in terms of“early modernity.”