冀东地区宜机收玉米品种的筛选与评价

Selection and Evaluation of Spring Maize Varieties Suitable for Machine Harvesting in Eastern Hebei Province

为筛选冀东地区适宜机械收获的春玉米品种,以该地区7个主栽春玉米品种为试材,以产量为依据,采用聚类分析的方法将7个品种分为高产品种、中产品种和低产品种,并对其籽粒灌浆速率、脱水速率及茎秆强度等宜机收指标进行评价。结果表明,京农科828的活跃灌浆期最短,但最大灌浆速率高,因此产量较高;除京农科828外的3个高产品种(众信338,鑫研218,MC812),虽最大灌浆速率处于中等水平,但活跃灌浆期较长,因此产量高。对供试品种的生理成熟后脱水速率进行比较,脱水速率较快的为京农科828,最慢的为郑单958。成熟期茎秆机械强度研究表明,茎秆抗折力、穿刺强度和破碎强度均随着节位的上升呈降低趋势,鑫研218,众信338和京农科828的茎秆机械强度最适宜机收。综合产量和各项宜机收指标,众信338和京农科828为冀东地区宜机收品种的最佳选择。

Seven spring maize varieties were used as the materials to select the ones suitable for machine harvesting in eastern Hebei province through the cluster analysis of yield.All seven spring maize varieties were divided into three types,including the high yield variety,the middle yield variety and the low yield variety.Meanwhile the grain filling rate and the grain dehydration rate and the stem strength were evaluated.The results showed that Jingnongke-828 had the highest yield because of the maximum filling rate,although it had the shortest active filling period.The rest three high-product varieties(Zhongxin-338,Xinyan-218,MC812)expressed higher yield for longer active filling period.Comparing the physiological dehydration rate of the tested varieties,the dehydration rate of Jingnongke-828 was faster,and the slowest was Zhengdan-958.The anti-fracture,the stalk rind penetration strengths and the stalk crushing strengths decreased with the increase of internodes.Taking the anti-fracture,the stalk rind penetration strength and the stalk crushing strength into account,Xinyan-218,Zhongxin-338 and Jingnong-828 were suitable for machine harvesting with strong stem.Sum up,both Zhongxin-338 and Jingnongke-828 were the best choices for machine harvesting in the eastern Hebei province.