创业视角下代际收入流动研究：阶层差异及影响因素

Study on Intergenerational Income Mobility from the Perspective of Entrepreneurship:Stratum Differences and Influencing Factors

中国收入差距不断扩大和代际流动减弱已成为社会各界关注的重要问题。本文基于创业的新视角,实证研究创业对代际收入流动的影响。通过估计和比较创业与非创业样本的代际收入弹性和代际收入转换矩阵,我们发现创业促进代际收入流动,不同收入阶层的子女创业对代际收入流动的影响也存在差异。低收入家庭子女难以通过创业实现代际收入的向上流动,中等收入家庭的子女更可能通过创业实现收入的向上流动,而出身最高收入家庭的子女则可能因为创业失败导致收入向下流动。制约创业对不同阶层代际流动产生不同影响的因素包括信贷约束、受教育程度、父代创业经验和市场竞争程度等。

The growing income gap and the decreasing social mobility in China have been the focus of social concern.This paper,from a new perspective,examines the effect of entrepreneurship on intergenerational income mobility.We compare intergenerational income elasticity and transition matrices between entrepreneur and non-entrepreneur samples and find that entrepreneurship promotes the mobility of intergenerational income.For children coming from families with different income levels,entrepreneurship has different effects on their intergenerational income mobility.It is difficult for entrepreneurs from the lowest-income families to upgrade their income ranking.Children from middle-income families are more likely to move to higher income levels through entrepreneurial activities.Nonetheless,children from the richest families may downgrade their income ranking through entrepreneurship.Credit constraints,level of education,parental entrepreneurial experience,and market competition are major factors that constrain the effect of entrepreneurship on intergenerational mobility for children from different income levels.