开放式创新与外资“技术市场化”的新机理

Open Innovation and New Mechanism of ″Technology Marketization″ by MNCs

发展中国家在利用外资过程中,往往会因国内知识产权保护水平不一受到国际社会的关注,特别是对所谓“存在强迫性技术转移”问题的责难。本文利用跨国公司在华IT产业研发交易的大样本合约数据,基于跨国公司承包方地位的独特视角探讨了前述问题。结果表明:外资进入中国市场存在着技术控制与技术转移的不同发展阶段,这与跨国公司自身经营模式有关。中国市场结构化主体的存在与交易需求是跨国公司实施技术转移的重要动因,开放式创新则进一步推动了跨国公司主动性对华技术转移。本文的实证分析不仅有助于我们打开跨国公司技术转移的“黑匣子”,而且也从市场时机、结构化主体、规模化水平三个维度提示了后起发展中国家借鉴中国经验利用好外资的有益启示。

In the process of FDI introduction,developing countries usually get wide concern about their different IPR status,especially those involving so-called″forcible technology transfer″.This paper,based on the perspective of vendor role of MNCs,using large sample data by IT MNCs′R&D contracts transactions in China during the past ten years,specifically explores the above practical questions.Our study reveals that there lies the different stages of technology control and technology transfer by MNCs in Chinese market,which relates closely to MNCs′operation modes.The existence of China′s structural entities and transaction demands are important motivations for MNCs′technology transfer.Besides,open innovation further improves the effects of MNCs′technology marketization in Chinese market.Our empirical analysis not only opens the black box of MNCs′technology transfer,but also summarizes three dimensional hints of marker opportunity,structural entity and sizeable level as China′s successful experience of FDI introduction for the emerging developing countries.