农户生产性特征对农药施用的影响：机制与证据

The Impacts of Rural Households’ Productive Characteristics on Pesticide Application: Mechanism and Evidence

作为保障型生产资料,农药对农业的稳产高产起着重要的“保驾护航”作用。但当前中国的农药使用普遍存在着用量较大、效率较低的问题。本文基于damage-abatement生产函数的一般形式,结合中国生产实际情况,梳理农户生产性特征对农药施用行为产生影响的机制,并运用1995~2016年全国农村固定观察点农户数据进行验证。结果表明:农户生产性特征对农户农药用量存在显著影响。具体地,化肥施用强度越大的农户,一定程度上其农药单位用量也越多;土地耕种规模的增加有助于减少农药用量,但土地细碎化程度会降低土地规模的这一减量作用,特别是对主粮类大田作物。此外,农户的用药强度还受到农业生产商品化程度的正向影响,即农户的农产品用于销售的比例越高其施用更多农药的可能性越大。

As a guarantee for agricultural production,pesticide plays an important role in ensuring the stable and high yield of agriculture.However,overuse of pesticides and low average utilization rate are widespread in China’s agricultural production.This article extends the general form of damage-abatement production function based on the actual production situation in China and analyzes the impact mechanism of rural households’productive characteristics on pesticide application behavior.It uses the dataset of National Rural Fixed Observation Point from 1995 to 2016 to make an empirical analysis.The results show that,farmers’productive characteristics have an important impact on their pesticide consumption.Specifically,the intensity of fertilizer application has a significant positive impact,while land cultivation scale has a significant negative impact.However,the degree of land fragmentation will reduce this reduction effect of land scale,especially for staple crops.In addition,the degree of commercialization of agricultural production is positively correlated with the pesticide use intensity.The farmers who plan to sell more proportion of agricultural products are more likely to use more pesticide.