成都市典型非道路工程机械排气烟度分析

Exhaust smoke analysis of typical non-road engineering machinery in Chengdu

采用不透光烟度计采集了成都市典型工程机械(挖掘机、装载机、叉车和压路机)排气烟度,研究了机械功率对其活动水平(燃油消耗量和年均工作时间)的影响,同时也研究了机械发动机构造和机械排放标准对其排气烟度的影响;同时,采用氮硫测定仪分析了机械油品硫含量,研究了硫含量对其排气烟度的影响.试验结果表明:机械功率越大的工程机械,燃油消耗量和年均工作时间数越高.成都典型工程机械排气烟度排放水平最低的为装载机,最高的为压路机;同时,超高排放装载机与叉车的占比较高.工程机械排气烟度受机械发动机排量、机械发动机构造、机械发动机排放标准和机械用油的综合影响,通过对工程机械装配电控发动机、提高原机排放标准和使用低硫燃油均能直观反映出机械排气烟度不同程度的改善.此外,油品中硫含量越高,机械排气烟度越大.

The exhaust smoke of typical construction machinery(excavators, loaders, forklifts and road rollers) in Chengdu was collected by opacity smoke meter, and the influence of mechanical power on its activity level(fuel consumption and average annual working time) was studied. At the same time, the influence of mechanical engine construction and original mechanical discharge standards on its exhaust smoke was also studied. On the other hand, the sulfur content of mechanical oil was analyzed by nitrogen sulfur analyzer, and the influence of sulfur content on its exhaust smoke was analyized. The test results show that the higher the mechanical power, the higher the fuel consumption and the average annual working hours. The lowest exhaust emission level of Chengdu typical construction machinery is the loader, the highest is the roller, and the ultra-high-emission loader and forklift account for a relatively high proportion. Exhaust smoke of construction machinery is affected by mechanical engine displacement, mechanical engine construction, mechanical engine emission standards and mechanical oil. It can be intuitively integrated with engineering machinery to assemble electronically controlled engines, improve original engine emission standards and use low-sulfur fuels. The mechanical exhaust smoke is improved to different degrees. In addition, the higher the sulfur content in the oil, the greater the smoke of the mechanical exhaust.