铝灰主要污染成分及其对周围土壤环境的影响和治理措施

Main pollution components of aluminum ash and their influence on surrounding soil environment and control measures

本文对废弃铝灰样品、堆积场地土壤样品及场地周边土壤样品进行成分测定,得到其中的重金属元素和非金属毒性元素结果。试验结果表明:①铝灰渣重金属元素含量不高,主要有害物为CN-、F-;②96个土壤样品中F-、CN-超过《土壤环境质量标准》(GB 15618-2008)标准限值的数量分别占100%、60%,超标倍数高达138倍、12倍。③废渣堆场及周边土壤均为碱性,p H均处在8.4~10.6范围内。结果表明,铝灰渣的堆放已经对堆场周边土壤造成了一定程度的污染。建议企业采用更环保的生产工艺,从源头上减少对环境的污染,对已产生污染的土壤进行化学或生物法处理。

In this paper,the components of waste aluminium ash,soil samples of accumulating sites and soil samples around sites were determined,and the results of heavy metal elements and non-metal toxic elements were obtained.The results show that:(1)the content of heavy metals in aluminium ash residue is not high,the main harmful substances are CN-,F-;and(2)the number of F-,CN-exceeding the limit of the Standard for Soil Environmental Quality(GB 15618-2008)in 96 soil samples is 100%,60%,and the exceeding limit is 138 times and 12 times,respectively.(3)Waste residue dump and surrounding soil are alkaline,and the p H is in the range of 8.4-10.6.The results show that the stacking of aluminium ash has polluted the soil around the yard to a certain extent.It is suggested that enterprises adopt more environmentally friendly production processes to reduce environmental pollution from the source and treat the heavily polluted soils by chemical or biological methods.