城轨交通用燃料电池/超级电容混合动力系统瞬时等效最小氢耗硬件在环方法研究

Research on Hardware-in-the-loop Methods for Instantaneous Equivalent Minimum Hydrogen Consumption of Fuel Cell/Ultracapacitor Hybrid Systems for Urban Rail Transit

为了提高轨道交通用燃料电池混合动力系统的燃料经济性并有效保持储能单元的荷电状态(state of charge,SOC),该文提出一种适用于燃料电池/超级电容混合动力系统的瞬时等效最小氢耗硬件在环方法。该方法采用超级电容的一阶RC等效电路模型,建立超级电容的等效氢耗模型,通过推导得到超级电容最优输出的功率,根据当前SOC下超级电容最优输出功率并结合需求功率控制燃料电池系统的输出。通过在搭建的RT-LAB半实物硬件在环平台下,与功率跟随方法进行对比分析。结果表明,提出的方法能够有效减少氢气消耗量和保持超级电容SOC,将在轨道交通混合动力车辆大功率应用中具有良好的应用前景。

In order to improve the fuel economy of fuel cell hybrid power systems for urban rail traffic and effectively to keep the state of charge(SOC) of energy storage units, this paper proposed a kind of suitable methods for fuel cell/ultracapacitor hybrid systems based on instantaneous equivalent minimum hydrogen consumption. The method uses the ultracapacitor RC equivalent circuit to establish an equivalent hydrogen consumption model of the ultracapacitor system. By deriving the analytical solution of the optimal output of the ultracapacitor, the output of the fuel cell system was controlled according to the optimal output power of the ultracapacitor under the current SOC and the demand power. Through the construction of the RT-LAB semi-physical hardware platform, this method and the power following method were compared and analyzed. Results show that the presented method can effectively reduce the hydrogen consumption and maintain SOC of ultracapacitors, and it will have a good application prospect in rail transportation of hybrid vehicles in high power applications.