使用者视角下城市应急避难场所适用性评价研究——以重庆市沙坪坝区为例

Applicability Evaluation of Urban Emergency Shelter from the User’s Perspective——A Case Study of Shapingba District,Chongqing

针对当前我国城市应急避难场所供给侧与需求端主体认知异位、场所服务能力存疑的问题,通过对公众应急避难选择意愿与影响因素的调查分析,建构以场所安全性、识别度、可达性、熟悉度为指标准则,以场所内部设施齐备度、视线可及性、标识完备度、路径清晰度、宣传教育力度等10项具体内容为指标因子的城市应急避难场所适用性评价方法,并结合对重庆市沙坪坝商圈地区的案例调查与实证研究,验证了方法的有效性,进而提出基于实证反馈的城市应急避难场所问题诊断与优化建议。

To deal with the cognition malposition between the supply and demand of the urban emergency shelters in China,this paper investigates and analyses the willingness and influencing factors of the public emergency shelters,and establishes the applicability evaluation method of urban emergency shelters by taking the site s safety,recognition,accessibility,familiarity as the indicator criterion,and taking the facilities completeness,sight accessibility,signs completeness,path clarity,propaganda strength as the influencing factors.Then the paper verifies the scientificity of the evaluation method by a case study of the business area in Shapingba District of Chongqing,and proposes the diagnosis and optimization suggestions on emergency shelters.