中国狂犬病口服疫苗的研究进展及其应用的紧迫性

Research progress and urgency of application of oral rabies vaccines for dogs in China

中国科学家早在上世纪80年代开始研究狂犬病动物口服疫苗,获得数株毒力减弱的疫苗株,并进行过犬的口服免疫实验和大规模安全性和保护效果的现场观察。其中有几株减毒株的弱毒特征、遗传稳定性和免疫性与WHO认可并广泛应用的动物口服疫苗毒种相似。消除狂犬病的关键措施是对犬进行大面积免疫达到免疫覆盖率70%以上,中国犬的数量多达亿头,而且多数为散养犬,以常规的注射免疫很难达到这个水平。对犬实施口服免疫提高免疫率也是WHO和狂犬病专家积亟提倡和推荐的。中国已有多株减毒株,国家应充分发挥它们的作用,在人力、物力、财政上予以大力支持,完善这些候选株以便尽快得到批准应用,从而达到全球2030年消除人间狂犬病的目标。

Chinese scientists have studied oral rabies vaccine(ORV)of dogs since 1980s and conducted mass oral vaccination trials in dogs.Some attenuated strains have been selected.Their attenuated characteristics、immunogenicity and genetic stability have been shown similar to those rabies oral vaccine strains approved by WHO and now widely used in the world.The key measure for elimination of human rabies is to increase the vaccination coverage to 70%,which has been confirmed by WHO and rabies experts.Oral vaccination for dogs is a complementary measure to increase vaccination coverage in mass parenteral dog vaccination campaigns.China has a high population of dogs reached to 100 millions,it is very difficult to reach the dog vaccination coverage to 70%depending on parenteral vaccination only.It is suggested that Chinese government needs to support those promising oral vaccine strains developed by Chinese own scientists for application in China as earlier as possible,and then to achieve the goal of eliminating human rabies by 2030.