“革命夫妻:”中共白区机关家庭化中的党员角色探析(1927—1934)

“Revolutionary Couples”:An Analysis of the Role of CPC Party Members in the Family-Oriented Administration of the White Areas(1927—1934)

1927年大革命失败后,中共推行机关家庭化,将党员调配组合成家庭形式掩护机关运作,“革命夫妻”是其中广泛运用的一种工作组合方式。在“革命夫妻”的调配中,依据党员是否为夫妻形成了两种主要组合方式。这两种方式各有利弊,需要党组织在便利与稳定之间加以权衡。由于既要应对白色恐怖又要对城市家庭生活方式予以批判,中共在推行“革命夫妻”过程中存在一种实践与理念之间的紧张感。而机关家庭化使工作机关与家庭这两个公私领域交汇在一起,导致这种紧张感更为集中地投射在党员个体中。住机关党员的私人行为受到党组织角色与社会角色的共同形塑。二者的碰撞使得党员党性内涵逐渐明确。这为日后中共党员党性整训提供了经验,也增加了党员家庭的组织色彩。

After the failure of the Great Revolution in 1927,the CPC promoted family-oriented administration,and party members were transferred and combined into families to cover administrative operations.The“revolutionary couples”were widely used as a way to combine work.In the deployment of the“revolutionary couples,”there were mainly two ways of combining work according to whether the party members were a couple.Both of the two ways had pros and cons,and the party organization had to weigh between convenience and stability.Because the CPC had to deal with the white terror and to criticize the lifestyles of the urban family,there were tensions between practice and principle in the process of carrying out“revolutionary couples.”However,the family-oriented administration mixed the public and the private,which resulted in tensions being more intensively projected on individual party members.The private behavior of party members in the administration was shaped by both the role of the party organization and the role of society.Their collision gradually clarified the connotation of the party spirit,which provided experience for future training and also increased the organizational color of the party members and their families.