云南大理茶遗传多样性分析

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Camellia taliensis from Yunnan Province

为研究云南大理茶种质资源的遗传多样性,对40份云南大理茶种质资源的18个农艺性状、主要生化成分进行了基本统计分析和聚类分析。结果表明,40份大理茶18个农艺性状间存在比较丰富的遗传变异性,变异系数为8.91%~51.70%,其中,芽叶茸毛的变异系数最大,达到51.70%,萼片数的变异系数最小,为8.91%;13项主要生化成分中,水浸出物变异系数最小,为4.05%,ECG的变异系数最大,达到55.93%;18个农艺性状在遗传距离5 cm处可聚为三大类,其中,第2类、第3类发芽密度高,芽叶茸毛多,芽叶色泽呈绿色,叶质柔软,可用来选育优质高产的茶树品种;主要生化成分在遗传距离5 cm处可聚为三大类,存在着高EGCG、高氨基酸、高咖啡碱,低EGCG、低ECG、低咖啡碱的大理茶资源,可以用来选育高咖啡碱、高氨基酸、高多酚,低多酚、低咖啡碱等特异品种。

To study the genetic diversity of germplasm resources of Camellia taliensis by identifing and evaluating,the 18 agronomic traits and main biochemical components of Camellia taliensis were basically analyzed in both statistic and cluster.The results showed that there were abundant genetic variation among the 18 agronomic traits of 40 portions of Camellia taliensis.The variation coefficient was 8.91%-51.70%.And the variable coefficient of young shoot pubescence was the maximum,which was 51.70%and the variable coefficient of sepals number was the minimize,which was 8.91%.The variable coefficient of water extract in 13 main biochemical components was the minimum,which was 4.05%.The variable coefficient of ECG was maximum,which was 55.93%.According to the clustering analysis of 18 agronomic characters,there were 3 groups at 5 cm genetic distance,of which,the second category and the third category had high germination density,more bud hair,green and soft bud leaves,which could be used to select the high-quality and high-yield tea tree varieties.There were 3 categories according to the clustering analysis of main biochemical components at 5 cm genetic distance,which included high EGCG,amino acid,coffeine,low EGCG,ECG,coffeine of Camellia taliensis,which could be used to select high caffeine,high amino acid,high polyphenol,low polyphenol and low coffeine.