野生黑虎掌菌与羊肚菌营养成分测定及分析比较

Nutrients Determination and Comparison between Wild Sarcodon aspratus and Morchella esculenta

依据国家标准对野生黑虎掌菌、羊肚菌的营养成分进行测定及分析。结果表明,黑虎掌菌、羊肚菌营养成分都非常丰富,黑虎掌菌的蛋白质、粗纤维、水分、灰分、脂肪含量分别为24.9%,5.91%,11.10%,10.40%,2.19%,羊肚菌的蛋白质、粗纤维、水分、灰分、脂肪含量分别为31.0%,10.60%,8.75%,7.59%,3.55%;黑虎掌菌的粗多糖、氨基酸总量、总黄酮分别为5.12%,18.9%,0.459%,羊肚菌的粗多糖、氨基酸总量、总黄酮分别为9.88%,23.5%,0.170%;黑虎掌菌的钾、钠、磷、镁、钙、铁、锌、锰、铜、硒分别为23.3,0.220 g/kg,3674,986,656,337,88.5,26.5,25.8,0.0340 mg/kg,羊肚菌的钾、钠、磷、镁、钙、铁、锌、锰、铜、硒分别为13.0,0.340 g/kg,11088,828,1044,141,84.8,14.4,15.2,0.0450 mg/kg;黑虎掌菌的维生素B1、B2、烟酸、烟酰胺含量分别为0.0881,1.750,83.0,152 mg/100 g,羊肚菌的维生素B1、B2、烟酸、烟酰胺含量分别为0.0377,0.163,89.0,130 mg/100 g。经分析,羊肚菌中蛋白质、粗纤维、脂肪、氨基酸总量、粗多糖等均显著高于黑虎掌菌,而黑虎掌菌中必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的47.9%,羊肚菌中必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的42.9%,r-氨基丁酸、色氨酸、总黄酮、维生素B1、维生素B2、烟酰胺等黑虎掌菌中的含量均显著高于羊肚菌,说明黑虎掌菌非常独特,营养均衡,具有极大的开发利用价值。

This study determined and compared the nutritional components of wild Sarcodon aspratus and Morchella esculenta according to the national standards.The results showed that nutritional ingredients of Sarcodon aspratus and Morchella esculenta were very rich.The contents of protein,crude fiber,water,ash,crude fat in dry wild Sarcodon aspratus were 24.9%,5.91%,11.10%,10.40%,2.19%,while were 31.0%,10.60%,8.75%,7.59%,3.55%in dry Morchella esculenta.The contents of crude polysaccharide,total amino acids,total flavonoids in dry wild Sarcodon aspratus were 5.12%,18.9%,0.459%,while were 9.88%,23.5%,0.170%in dry Morchella esculenta.The contents of K,Na,P,Mg,Ca,Fe,Zn,Mn,Cu,Se were 23.3,0.220 g/kg,3674,986,656,337,88.5,26.5,25.8,0.0340 mg/kg in dry wild Sarcodon aspratus,while were 13.0,0.340 g/kg,11088,828,1044,141,84.8,14.4,15.2,0.0450 mg/kg in dry Morchella esculenta.The contents of vitamin B1,vitamin B2,nicotinic acid and nicotinamide were 0.0881,1.75,83.0,152 mg/100 g in dry wild Sarcodon aspratus,while were 0.0377,0.163,89.0,130 mg/100 g in dry Morchella esculenta.The results of analysis indicated that the contents of protein,crude fiber,crude fat,ash,total amino acids,crude polysaccharide of Morchella esculenta were significantly higher than wild Sarcodon aspratus.The essential amino acids(EAA)accounted for 47.9%of the total amino acid(TAA)of wild Sarcodon aspratus,and EAA/TAA were 42.9%of Morchella esculenta.The contents of r-aminobutyric acid,tryptophan,total flavonoids,vitamin B1,vitamin B2 and nicotinamide were significantly higher than Morchella esculenta.Therefore,wild Sarcodon aspratus,with balanced nutrient,is very unique and has a great potential to be developed.