养分专家推荐施肥对山西小麦产量、效益及养分利用效率的影响

Effect of Fertilizer Recommendation from Nutrient Expert on Winter Wheat Yield,Benefit and Nutrient Utilization Efficiency in Shanxi

合理的养分管理对于保障国家粮食安全、生态环境安全具有重要意义。2011-2014年在山西开展39个冬小麦田间试验对养分专家系统Nutrient Expert有效性的验证研究。结果显示,基于养分专家推荐(NE)、基于测土推荐(ST)与农民习惯(FP)的冬小麦产量大小表现为ST>FP>NE,但差异未达到5%的显著水平;与FP相比,NE平均减氮104 kg/hm^2(38.2%)、减磷29 kg/hm^2(26.1%)、增钾38 kg/hm^2(135.7%),ST平均减氮67 kg/hm^2(24.6%)、减磷25 kg/hm^2(22.5%)、增钾47 kg/hm^2(167.8%);NE的产投比为10.5∶1,显著高于ST(9.2∶1)和FP(8.3∶1),NE的氮肥偏生产力为50.4 kg/kg,显著高于ST(41.3 kg/kg)和FP(32.3 kg/kg);NE的氮、磷、钾肥小麦当季平均回收率分别为33.9%,14.9%和48.9%,平均农学效率分别为7.6,7.5,6.2 kg/kg。NE和ST均是养分管理的有效方法,且养分专家系统具有简单实用的特点。

Reasonable nutrient management is of great significance to ensure national food security and ecological environment security.From 2011 to 2014,39 field experiments on winter wheat were carried out in Shanxi to verify the effectiveness of Nutrient Expert system.The results showed that winter wheat yield based on nutrient experts recommendation(NE),soil test recommendation(ST)and farmers practice(FP)was ordered by ST>FP>NE,but the yield difference was not significant at the level of 5%test.Compared with FP,the rate of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers application in NE and ST were markedly decreased by 104 kg/hm^2(38.2%),29 kg/hm^2(26.1%)and 67 kg/hm^2(24.6%),25 kg/hm^2(22.5%),respectively,and potassium fertilizer rate was increased by 38 kg/hm^2(135.7%)and 47 kg/hm^2(167.8%),respectively.The ratio of value and cost in NE was 10.5∶1,which was significantly higher than ST(9.2∶1)and FP(8.3∶1).The partial factor productivity for N fertilizer in NE was 50.4 kg/kg,which was also significantly higher than ST(41.3 kg/kg)and FP(32.3 kg/kg).The average recovery efficiency of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in NE in winter wheat season were 33.9%,14.9%and 48.9%,respectively,and the average agronomic efficiency were 7.6,7.5,6.2 kg/kg,respectively.Both NE and ST are effective methods for nutrient management,and nutrient expert system has simple and practical characteristics.