林内透光率对人工沙棘林大型土壤动物群落组成的影响

Effects of Light Transmittance on the Community Composition of Soil Macrofauna in Artificial Hippophae rhamnoides Plantation

森林内大型土壤动物是森林生态系统的重要组成部分,是森林土壤生态的重要指示生物类群。2017年6-9月选取山西农业大学林业生态站中不同林内透光率的人工沙棘林,对其大型土壤动物群落进行调查,研究不同林内透光率对大型土壤动物群落组成的影响。结果显示,共采集到大型土壤动物410头,其中,膜翅目蚁科为人工沙棘林大型土壤动物的优势类群,在透光率为12%的林分中占68.46%,在透光率为9%的林分中占45.54%。土壤动物群落多样性分析显示,林内透光率为9%的人工沙棘林的物种多样性指数为2.45、均匀性指数为0.69,均大于林内透光率为12%的林分。土壤动物相似性指数分析显示,林内透光率为9%的林分的土壤动物群落结构与林内透光率为12%的林分的土壤动物群落结构相似性系数为0.29,表现出中等不相似特征。适当的密植会产生适宜的人工沙棘林林内透光率,有利于改善土壤动物群落结构,使大型土壤动物在一定程度上增多,充分发挥生态系统的自然控制优势。研究结果可为实际生产中人工沙棘林的营林密度提供参考。

Large scale soil animals in forest are important components of forest ecosystem and important indicator organism groups of forest soil ecology.In June to September 2017,the effects of light transmittance on the community composition of soil macrofauna in artificial Hippophae rhamnoides plantation in Shanxi Agricultural University were investigated.The results showed that a total of 410 soil macrofauna were collected,and Formicidae(Hymenoptera)was the dominant group of soil macrofauna in artificial Hippophae rhamnoides plantation.It accountde for 68.46%of the light transmittance of 12%stands and 45.54%of the light transmittance of 9%stands.The diversity of soil fauna community showed that the number of species of artificial Hippophae rhamnoides plantation with a light transmittance of 9%was 51,and species diversity index was 2.45,evenness index was 0.69,which was greater than the plantation light transmittance of 12%.The analysis of soil animal similarity index showed that the soil animal community structure of the stand with light transmittance of 9%and the soil animal structural similarity coefficient of the stand with light transmittance of 12%was 0.29,showing a moderate degree of dissimilarity.Proper planting density will produce suitable artificial seabuckthorn plantation light transmittance,which will improve the community structure of soil animals,increase the number of large soil animals to a certain extent,and give full play to the natural control advantages of ecosystem.Research findings will provide a reference for planting Hippophae rhamnoides plantation in practice.