摘要
为研究翻压紫云英条件下化肥减量对稻田土壤养分状况及对水稻产量的影响,本文设置7个处理,即M0F0(不翻压紫云英+不施化肥)、M0F1(不翻压紫云英+推荐施化肥)、M1F0(翻压紫云英+不施化肥)、M1F1(翻压紫云英+100%化肥)、M1F0.9(翻压紫云英+90%化肥)、M1F0.75(翻压紫云英+75%化肥)和M1F0.6(翻压紫云英+60%化肥),检测不同生育期各处理的土壤碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量,并对水稻有效穗、穗总粒数、实粒数、空瘪率、千粒质量、理论产量和实际产量进行监测。结果表明,与M0F0相比,M1F0有助于提高水稻抽穗期和成熟期土壤碱解氮含量及分蘖初期至成熟期的土壤速效钾含量,与单施化肥处理(M0F1)相比,各翻压紫云英配施化肥处理均有助于提高水稻抽穗期和成熟期土壤碱解氮含量;与M0F0相比,翻压紫云英处理及施肥处理均有助于提高有效穗、穗总粒数、实粒数、千粒质量、理论产量和实际产量,其中以M1F0.75实际产量最高,达到8437.5 kg·hm^-2,较单施化肥处理增产3.8%,差异显著(P<0.05)。综合而言,本试验条件下,在翻压紫云英30000 kg·hm^-2后,配施75%化肥(N123.8 kg·hm^-2、P2O545 kg·hm^-2、K2O 45 kg·hm^-2)时,可实现水稻理论和实际产量最大化。
The experiment was conducted to study the effects of chemical fertilizer reduction on soil nutrients and rice yield characteristics under the condition of overturning Astragalus sinicus L.green manure to the field.Seven treatments were set,which included M0 F0(no A.sinicus L.overturning+no chemical fertilizer),M0 F1(no A.sinicus L.overturning+100%chemical fertilizer),M1 F0(A.sinicus L.overturning+no chemical fertilizer),M1 F1(A.sinicus L.overturning+100%chemical fertilizer),M1 F0.9(A.sinicus L.overturning+90%chemical fertilizer),M1 F0.75(A.sinicus L.overturning+75%chemical fertilizer),and M1 F0.6(A.sinicus L.overturning+60%chemical fertilizer).The contents of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in soil were determined at different growth stages of rice,and the effective panicle,total grain number of panicle,filled grains number per panicle,shrunken grain rate,1000-grain weight,theoretical yields and actual yields of rice were investigated.The results showed that compared with M0 F0,the M1 F0 treatment was helpful to increase the soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content at rice heading stage and mature stage,and also the soil available potassium content from the early tiller stage to the mature stage.Compared with M0 F1,the treatments of M1 F1,M1 F0.9,M1 F0.75,and M1 F0.6 were helpful to increase the soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content at rice heading stage and maturity stage.Compared with M0 F0,the other six treatments were helpful to increase the effective panicle,total grain number of panicle,filled grains number per panicle,1000-grain weight,theoretical yields and actual yields,among which the treatment of M1 F0.75 had the highest actual yields(8437.5 kg·hm^-2),and the yields significant increased by 3.8%compared with M0 F1(P<0.05).Comprehensively,in this experiment,when the application amount of A.sinicus L.green manure were 30000 kg·hm^-2,combining with 75%chemical fertilizer(N 123.8 kg·hm^-2,P2 O545 kg·hm^-2,K2 O 45 kg·hm^-2),the theoretical and practical yield of rice could be maximized.
作者
袁迎春
邹伟
郭红艳
郭亚林
何治芳
张富林
杨利
YUAN Yingchun;ZOU wei;GUO Hongyan;GUO Yalin;HE Zhifang;ZHANG Fulin;YANG Li(Agricultural Technology Promotion Center of Dangyang City in Hubei Province,Dangyang,Hubei 444100,China;Agricultural Technology Promotion Center of Qianjiang City in Hubei Province,Qianjiang,Hubei 433100,China;Qianjiang Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment and Arable Land Conservation,Ministry of Agriculture,Qianjiang,Hubei 433116,China;Department of Agriculture Plant Protection Station of Dangyang City in Hubei Province,Dangyang,Hubei 444100,China;Key Laboratory of Fertilization from Agricultural Wastes,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,P.R.China,Wuhan,Hubei 430064,China;Institute of Plant Protection,Soil and Fertilizer,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan,Hubei 430064,China)
出处
《天津农业科学》
CAS
2019年第12期28-32,共5页
Tianjin Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200807)
国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD14B05)
湖北省农业科技创新中心项目(2016-620-000-001-019)
关键词
紫云英
化肥减量
水稻
土壤养分
产量
Astragalus sinicus L.
reducing application rate of chemical fertilizer
rice
soil nutrients
yield