4种中药渣堆肥对番茄生长效果的研究

Effects of Compost from Four Kinds of Chinese Medicine Residues on Tomato Growth

为资源化合理利用中药渣资源,本文研究了大黄(DH)、苦参(KS)、薄荷(BH)、蛇床子(SCZ)4种中药渣堆肥作为基肥与化肥配施对土壤理化性质和酶活性及设施番茄品质、产量和病害的影响,以不施基肥作为对照(CK)。结果表明,与CK相比,4种中药渣堆肥的施用对土壤电导率和pH值及过氧化氢酶活性没有显著影响(P>0.05),但土壤有机质和速效钾含量分别显著提高了9.8%~12.3%和5.1%~13.1%(P<0.05),土壤硝态氮和有效磷含量分别提高了2.7%~14.9%(DH,P<0.05)和4.5%~16.0%(KS,P<0.05),KS处理土壤脲酶活性显著提高了20.9%(P<0.05),BH处理土壤磷酸酶活性显著提高了51.2%(P<0.05);番茄产量提高了6.3%~27.6%,KS、BH和SCZ处理与CK差异均显著(P<0.05),其中以SCZ处理产量最高(112048.3 kg·hm^-2),中药渣堆肥处理的番茄Vc和硝酸盐含量均与CK无显著差异(P>0.05);番茄枯萎病的发病率降低了11.5~29.5个百分点,DH、KS和SCZ处理与CK差异显著(P<0.05),其中以KS处理发病率最低(27.8%)。综合而言,4种药渣堆肥的施用能够提高土壤的养分含量和番茄产量,降低番茄病害发生率,部分改善番茄品质,其中以蛇床子(SCZ)效果最佳。

In order to utilize the resources of traditional Chinese medicine residue rationally,the experiment was conducted with the composts from four kinds of traditional Chinese medicine dregs including Rhubarb(DH),Lightyellow sophora root(KS),Wild mint(BH)and Common cnidium fruit(SCZ)as the base fertilizer,and the effects of different base fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer on soil physical and chemical properties,enzyme activity,tomato quality,yield and disease were studied,no base fertilizer was as the control(CK).The results showed that compared with CK,the application of compost from four kinds of traditional Chinese medicine residue had no significant effects on soil conductivity,pH value and catalase activity(P>0.05).However,the content of soil organic matter and available potassium significantly increased by 9.8%~12.3%and 5.1%~13.1%respectively(P<0.05),the soil nitrate nitrogen and available phosphorus content increased by 2.7%~14.9%(DH,P<0.05)and 4.5%~16.0%(KS,P<0.05)respectively,the soil urease activity of KS treatment significantly increased by 20.9%(P<0.05),the soil phosphatase activity of BH treatment significantly increased by 51.2%(P<0.05).The yield of tomato increased by 6.3%~27.6%,there were significant differences between KS,BH and SCZ treatment and CK(P<0.05),among which SCZ treatment had the highest yield(112048.3 kg·hm^-2).There was no significant difference in tomato Vc and nitrate content between composting treatments and CK(P>0.05).The incidence rate of tomato Fusarium wilt decreased by 11.5~29.5 percentage points,and there was significant difference between DH,KS and SCZ treatments and CK(P<0.05),among which KS treatment had the lowest incidence(27.8%).In a word,the application of compost from the above four kinds of dregs could improve the soil nutrient content and tomato yield,reduce the incidence of tomato disease,and improve the tomato quality partially,among which Common cnidium fruit(SCZ)had the best effects.