西华方言的声调格局及声调变异的实验语音学分析

An Experimental Phonetic Analysis of the Tone Pattern and Tone Variation of Xihua Dialect

运用实验语音学的声学分析方法,对新老派西华方言的声调格局进行研究,研究发现,西华方言去声有降调和曲折调两种变体,其中读为曲折调的字主要来自于古汉语中的次浊入声;新派西华方言声调受普通话影响产生了一些变异,这些变异呈现出了不均衡状态,各声调的变异程度略有不同。这反映了作为强势语言的普通话在语言接触过程中对西华方言所产生的影响。另一方面,新派西华方言声调保留了老派方言的很多特征,也从侧面展现了西华方言作为一种独立语音系统的内部稳固性。

Based on the materials of field investigation and the acoustic analysis method of experimental phonetics,this paper studies the tone pattern of the new and old school Xihua dialect,and compares it with the tone of Mandarin to explore the variation of the tone of Xihua dialect. We find that there are two variants of the falling tone in Xihua dialect: the descending tone and the zigzag tone. The zigzag tone mainly comes from the secondary muddy entering tone of ancient Chinese. Some changes have taken place in the tone of Xinpai Xihua dialect under the influence of Mandarin. And this kind of variation presents the unbalanced state,the variation degree of each tone is slightly different. The change of the third tone is the most significant,showing a trend of from flat to zigzag;the next is falling tone 1,the change of first tone and second tone is small. Which directly reflects the influence of Mandarin as a strong language on Xihua dialect in the process of contacting with Mandarin. On the other hand,the new of Xihua dialect retains many features of the old dialect,and also shows the internal stability of Xihua dialect as an independent voice system.