中巴孟越四国环境影响评价体系比较研究

Comparative Study on Environmental Impact Assessment System of China, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Vietnam

“一带一路”倡议为国际投资与产能合作提出了环境管理新要求。以“一带一路”倡议涉及国家(巴基斯坦、孟加拉国、越南)为研究对象,从环境影响评价(EIA)制度、评价内容和要求、审批管理等方面与中国进行比较。结果表明,三国环评体系与中国总体相似,但完善程度和先进水平仍存差距。各国均针对项目环评提出要求并实施分类(级)管理,但仅有中、越要求开展规划环评(PEIA)或战略环评(SEA)。各国环评内容和程序基本一致,巴、孟将初步环境核查(IEE)作为项目环评前序环节,环境管理部门负责审批,越南规定重大项目需提交国会审查。研究建议高度重视环评在推进绿色“一带一路”建设中的作用,对外投资和产能合作应从主动开展、依法合规、严格程序、广泛沟通等角度持续改善环评工作。

International investment and production capacity cooperation put forward new requirements for environmental management.Three key neighboring countries including Pakistan,Bangladesh and Vietnam implementing“the Belt and Road”initiative were selected in this study to make a comparative analysis of their EIA systems and management requirements with China from the perspective of institutional provisions,assessment content and document approval and management.The results showed that the EIA systems of Pakistan,Bangladesh and Vietnam were similar to that of China,but failed to reach an advanced level.The four countries put forward classification-managing project EIA requirements,among which only China and Vietnam required carrying out planning environmental impact assessment(PEIA)and strategic environmental assessment(SEA)respectively.EIA content and procedures were basically similar in the four countries.Pakistan and Bangladesh took the initial environmental examination(IEE)as the pre-order requirement of EIA.Environmental management departments were responsible for the approval of EIA documents and Vietnamese major environmental impact projects should be submitted to the National Assembly of Vietnam for review.Great importance should be attached to the role of EIA in promoting the construction of green“the Belt and Road”.Outbound investment and production capacity cooperation should continuously improve EIA work from proactive implementation,legal compliance,strict procedures,extensive communication.