农户生计策略转型及对环境的影响研究综述

Review of eco-environmental effect of farmers′ livelihood strategy transformation

随着我国经济形势的不断变化,越来越多的农户从传统的“单一生计”转向“生计多样化”和“优势生计”的发展方向。农户作为农村地区最基本的社会经济单元和行为决策主体,处于人口、经济与资源环境矛盾的核心,其生计策略与生计活动的动态变化势必对所处的自然 社会 经济复合生态系统带来一定的影响。在回顾农户生计研究的历史与现状的基础上,分别从农户生计策略的内涵与类型、农户生计策略转型及其驱动因素、生计策略转型对环境的影响3个方面,系统梳理了国内外学者对农户生计策略转型及对环境的影响的研究进展,尝试性地构建了农户生计策略转型及对环境的影响的基本研究框架,提出未来研究应当体现生计问题本身的动态性和复杂性,并注重可持续生计策略的界定与实现。

With constant changes in the economic situation of our country,increasing number of peasant households are progressing from“Single livelihood strategy”to“Diversity livelihood strategy”and“Superior livelihood strategy”.As the most basic economic unit of society and decision making,the peasant household is central to the conflicts between economy,resource,and environment.The dynamic changes in livelihood strategies and activities of peasant households will definitely influence the complex ecosystem of nature,society,and economy.Based on a brief review of research on peasant livelihoods and from the aspect of connotation and type,nature of transformation and driving factors,and influence on the environment brought about by such transformation,this study conducts an in depth review of research and development by domestic and foreign scholars on the subject.It also tentatively constructs a basic research framework for the influence of peasant livelihood transformation on the environment,suggests that research should focus on the dynamic nature and complexity of livelihoods,and lays emphasis on the definition and understanding of sustainable livelihood strategies.