古代藏文文献中的姜（vjang）及姜域（vjang yul）解读

Interpretation of Jiang(vjang) and Jiang Territory(vjang yul) in Ancient Tibetan Literature

古代藏文文献中姜最早出现于敦煌文献,是我国古代西南白蛮、乌蛮等族群的称谓。而姜域是历史上出现在我国西南的南诏国、大理国等奴隶主政权所统辖的地域之名。历史的不断演进中,这一概念一直在动态变化之中。到了明清时期,姜指今天纳西族的先祖麽西。而姜域主要指纳西族木氏土司统辖的地理范围,但边界比较模糊。清代中后期以后,滇西北噶玛噶举派姜域十三寺的格局形成,这些噶玛噶举派寺庙分布区域在藏文文献中被称为姜域。从此以后,姜域作为文化概念,一直延续至今。

In the ancient Tibetan literature,"Jiang"first appeared in the Dunhuang documents and was theappellation of the Baiman, Wuman and other ethnic groups in territory of ancient Yunnan, and"Jiang territory"refers to the name of the region governed by the slave regime of the Nanzhao, with a fuzzy boundary. In the con-tinuous evolution of history, this concept has been changing dynamically.In the Ming and Qing Dynasties,"Ji-ang"refers to Moxi, the ancestor of the Naxi people today".Jiang Territory",as a geographical concept, mainly re-fers to the jurisdiction of Mu family chieftain of Naxi nationality, and its boundary is not very clear. However, af-ter the middle and late Qing dynasty, the boundary gradually became clear, especially after the formation of thepattern of the thirteen temples of the Gamagaju sect in the northwest of Yunnan in the Qing dynasty. These areasof the Gamagaju sect temples are known in Tibetan literature as the Jiang Territory and continue to this day.