我国青少年羽毛球运动员流畅状态与限制因素研究

Research on the flowing state and limiting factors of Chinese youth badminton players

采用运动员流畅状态量表和流畅状态制约因素问卷对我国青少年羽毛球运动员进行测量,为未来针对性心理训练提供参考依据。结果表明:1)我国青少年羽毛球运动员竞赛流畅状态整体处于中等水平;2)在清晰目标、享受体验、时间变换和意识丧失维度存在性别差异;3)在挑战-技能平衡、行动-意识融合、控制感和清晰反馈维度存在年龄和运动等级差异;4)流畅状态与竞技水平发挥之间除时间变换维度外,其余8项维度均存在显著相关,控制感、全神贯注当前任务、行动-意识融合和清晰目标四个维度能够较好的预测竞赛成绩;5)限制青少年羽毛球运动员流畅状态的因素由8个因子组成,分别是心理因子、技战术因子、环境因子、经验因子、准备因子、体验因子、评价因子和关键分因子,其中技战术、心理、环境、准备和关键分五个因子对流畅状态的贡献最大。

The athletes’flow state scale and the flow state limiting factor questionnaire were used to measure the Chinese youth badminton players,which provided a reference for future targeted psychological training.The results show that:1)Chinese youth badminton athletes flow state overall in the middle level;there are gender differences in clear goals,enjoyment experience,time shift and loss of consciousness;There are differences in age and level of exercise in the challenge of skill balance and integration of action and consciousness,sense of control and dimensions of clear feedback;2)In addition to the time shift dimension between the flow state and the competitive level,the other eight dimensions are significantly correlated.The sense of control,the concentration of the current task,the combination of action and consciousness and the clear goal can better predict the competition results;3)The elements that restrict the flow state of young badminton players are composed of eight factors,namely psychological factors,technical and tactical factors,environmental factors,empirical factors,preparation factors,experience factors,evaluation factors and key points factors.Among them,the five factors of technology and tactics,psychology,environment,preparation and key points contribute most to the flow state.