北京市社区老年人吞咽障碍发生现状及其危险因素研究

Study on the dysphagia and risk factors in community-dwelling elders in Beijing

目的调查北京市社区老年人吞咽障碍的发生现状及其危险因素,为开展社区老年人吞咽障碍相关的健康干预措施提供依据。方法采用便利抽样的方法,对北京市8个社区的337名老年人进行吞咽功能的筛查并分析其影响因素。结果社区老年人吞咽障碍的总体发生率为25.82%,其中80岁及以上老年人吞咽障碍的发生率高达48.67%。年龄、呛咳史、慢性病种类数、咀嚼功能是社区老年人吞咽障碍的影响因素(P<0.01)。结论北京市社区老年人发生吞咽障碍有一定普遍性,以高龄、咀嚼功能较差、有呛咳史、患有多种慢性疾病者尤著。开展社区老年人吞咽功能障碍的早期筛查,并对吞咽障碍的影响因素进行有效管理,可使其并发症和医疗负担最小化。

Objective To investigate the incidence of dysphagia in community-dwelling elders and analyze the influencing factors,to provide reference for health intervention for dysphagia of community-dwelling elders.Methods By using the convenience sampling method,337 community-dwelling elders from 8 townships in Beijing were surveyed about their swallowing function and analyzed the influencing factors.Results The incidence of dysphagia in elders was 25.82%,and 48.67%were over the age of 80.Age,choking history and the number of chronic diseases,masticatory function were the influencing factors of dysphagia in elderly(P<0.01).Conclusion The dysphagia is common in community-dwelling elders,especially in those of elder age,poor masticatory function,history of choking and suffering from a variety of chronic diseases.Early screening and effective management for dysphagia in community elderly can minimize the complications and medical burden.