“轻+名词”构式范畴扩展的认知语用研究

A Cognitive and Pragmatic Approach to the Extension of “Qing+ Noun” Construction Category

报刊媒体中的“轻现金”等表达可抽象出“轻+名词”构式。此构式典型义为:名词所指物在“重量/比重”特性方面显示较小的值。此构式为原型范畴。非典型承继实例中,名词所指的“次结构”(重量/比重)与名词所指为非常规关联。构式对此类短语的允准是多种因素互动的结果,涉及客观事实、世界知识、构式形义与图式、范畴化、体裁及交际意图、识解等。此内容在非典型承继实例的在线加工过程中彰显。图式构式、语境、认知方式的互动推动“轻+名词”构式非典型承继实例的产生,进而导致此构式范畴的扩展。语料库调查显示:“轻+名词”构式扩展路径是从典型到次典型、再到边缘承继实例的过程;边缘承继实例在新闻语篇中的能产性最强。

The"qing+noun"construction is abstracted from the newspaper and journal coverage. The prototypical semantics entailed by this construction is that the noun referent locates a low value in the scales of weight or proportion. The construction is a prototypical category. Peripheral inheriting idioms,where anomalous relations exist between the substructures of the referents and the referents themselves,are sanctioned by the construction as a result of the interaction among such factors as the objective fact,world knowledge,form,semantics and schema of the construction,construction schema,categorization,genre and communication goals and construal. Thus,it is the interaction among construction,context and cognitive modes that motivate the occurrence of atypical inheriting idioms of the construction and the expansion of the construction category. It is reflected in the corpora investigation that from the prototypical inheriting idioms, the" qing +noun" construction extends to sub-prototypical idioms and peripheral idioms,whose productivity is the highest in the genre of news.