温压装药爆炸模拟气体对大鼠呼吸及神经系统的影响

Effects on the respiration and nervous system of rat exposed to the thermobaric bomb simulated gas

目的探究温压装药爆炸模拟气体对大鼠呼吸和神经系统的影响。方法2018年4月~8月,选择70只SPF级SD大鼠,随机分为对照组、暴露组1、2、3、4(暴露时间为3.75、7.5、15.0、30 min)和恢复观察组1、2(暴露30 min后观察30 min和120 min)。染毒后麻醉大鼠经腹主动脉采血,采用血液分析仪进行血气指标分析;取脑组织进行测试内源性一氧化碳(Carbon monoxide,CO)、一氧化氮(Nitric oxide,NO)、谷氨酸(Glutamic acid,GLU)、乙酰胆碱酯酶(Acetylcholin esterase,AchE)和多巴胺(Dopamine,DA);同时对肺和脑进行组织病理学检测。结果与对照组比较,各暴露组实验动物的血气指标pH值、二氧化碳分压(Partial pressure of carbon dioxide,PCO2)、氧分压(Oxygen partial pressure,PO2)、碳氧血红蛋白(Carbonyl hemoglobin,COHb)、氧合血红蛋白(Oxyhemoglobin,O2Hb)、高铁血红蛋白(Methemoglobin,MeHbt)、Na^+、K^+、Ca^2+和Cl^-差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。暴露组随着暴露时间的延长,pH值呈现下降趋势,脱离暴露气体环境120 min后基本恢复至正常水平;二氧化碳分压(PCO2)和高铁血红蛋白(MeHb)随暴露时间的延长呈现先升高后降低的趋势;氧分压(PO2)随暴露时间的延长呈现先降低后升高的趋势;碳氧血红蛋白(CoHb)随暴露时间的延长呈现先上升后降低趋势,与氧合血红蛋白(O2Hb)趋势相反。与对照组比较,暴露组4和恢复观察组1内源性一氧化碳(CO)、一氧化氮(NO)、谷氨酸(GLU)和乙酰胆碱酯酶(AchE)差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);呈内源性CO、GLU和AchE降低,NO升高,DA无明显变化。暴露组肺、脑组织发生炎性细胞浸润、水肿等病理改变。结论温压装药爆炸环境气体可引起大鼠血气、电解质、神经递质以及肺、脑组织病理学出现不同程度的改变,故可通过检测相应指标来有效评估温压装药爆炸气体对机体的损伤效应。

Objective To investigate the effects of simulated-thermobaric explosive gas on the respiration and nervous system in rats.Methods 70 of SPF SD rats were randomly divided into four thermobaric explosive gas groups,two restoration observation groups and control group from April to August in 2018.The exposure time of in four thermobaric explosive gas groups were 3.75,7.5,15.0 and 30 min,respectively.The restoration observation groups were designed to observe for 30 and 120 min after exposure thermobaric explosive gas 30 min.The bloods were collected and analyzed at the end of exposure and recovery observation.The endogenous carbon monoxide(CO),nitric oxide(NO),glutamic acid(GLU),acetylcholinesterase(AchE)and dopamine(DA)were detected in brain tissues,respectively.Results The blood gas index(pH,PCO2,PO2,COHb,O2Hb,MeHbt)and blood electrolytes(Na^+,K^+,Ca^2+ and Cl^-)in exposure groups have significant differences with these in control(P<0.05).The pH value decreased with the exposure time longer.However,it basically returned to normal level when terminating exposure for 120 min.The concentration of PCO2,MeHb and CoHb increased first and then decreased with the exposure time extension.Conversely,The PO2 and O2Hb decreased first and then increased with the exposure time longer.The concentration of endogenous CO,GLU,and AchE decreased and NO increased in exposure group 4 and the restoration observation group 1 compared with those in control(P<0.01).In addition,there were pathological changes in lung and brain tissue of exposure group,such as inflammatory cell infiltration and edema.Conclusion The blood gas index,electrolytes,neurotransmitter,histopathology of lung and brain were changed to various degrees by thermobaric bomb gas exposure.These findings would provide some beneficial support for evaluating the damage effect of thermobaric bomb gas on organisms.