三种风险评估方法在某汽车4S店职业健康风险评估中的应用

Application of three methods in occupational health risk assessment of automobile 4S shop

目的选用国内外3种风险评估方法分别对某汽车4S店进行职业健康风险评估,探讨不同风险评估方法适用性。方法2018年8月选择汽车4S店作为调查对象,应用GBZ/T 298-2017《工作场所化学毒物有害因素职业健康风险评估技术导则》中的综合指数法、定量非致癌风险评估法,国际采矿和金属委员会(ICMM)定量法以及职业病危害作业分级对某汽车4S店的职业病危害因素风险进行评估,结合现场职业卫生调查情况对风险评估结果进行比较和分析。结果3家汽车4S店现场调查率检测结果均符合调查限值,噪声危害存在超标岗位,除6次ICMM定量法结果与综合指数法相一致均高于作业分级,其余结果均是ICMM定量法>综合指数法>作业分级或ICMM定量法>作业分级。结论现场职业病危害因素浓度低于50%OEL时,风险评估结果倾向于ICMM定量法>综合指数法>作业分级;职业病危害因素涉及芳香烃化合物时,定量非致癌风险评估法更易得出岗位健康风险不可接收的结论。

Objective To choose various occupational health risk assessment of the mature methods at home and abroad respectively occupational health risk assessment was carried out on the 4s stores,to explore different risk assessment methods on the 4 s shop the applicability of the occupational health risk assessment.Methods Chemical was applied on the harmful factors of occupational health risk assessment technology guideline in the composite index method,quantitative cancer risk assessment method using the guidelines for the harmful factors of occupational health risk assessment of chemical technology of composite index method,quantitative cancer risk assessment method,international commission on mining and metals(ICMM)occupational health risk assessment quantitative method and the occupational-disease-inductive operation classification to evaluate chemical factors in 4S store,Combined with on-site occupational health investigation to compare with the result of risk assessment and analysis of international mining and metals(ICMM)committee occupational health risk assessment quantitative method and the occupational-disease-inductive operation classification of 4S store to evaluate chemical factors,combined with on-site occupational health investigation comparison and analysis the result of the risk assessment.Results Except for 6 times,the results of ICMM matrix method and comprehensive index method were consistent,which were all higher than job classification.The other results were job classification of>of ICMM matrix method>comprehensive index method or job classification of>of ICMM matrix method.Conclusion When the concentration of occupational-disease-inductive factors is lower than 1/2 limit,the risk assessment results tend to be ICMM quantitative>composite index method>operation classification.When the occupational-disease-inductive factors were involved with triphenyl,the quantitative non-carcinogenic risk assessment method was more likely to reach the conclusion that the occupational health risk was unacceptable.