安迪·克拉克的表征理论

Action-oriented Representation Theory of Andy Clark

表征被看作是心灵与世界之间关系的媒介,是认知科学的核心概念,传统认知科学因"认知的本质即表征"的理念而被称为计算表征主义,随着认知科学的发展,具身认知对计算表征主义理论进行了质疑并提出种种替代性方案。认知科学家安迪·克拉克对认知科学中的表征思想进行梳理,承认表征在认知中发挥特定的作用,将传统的计算表征改造为时间性、具身的"行动导向的表征",将认知科学中的表征思想从单纯的心智计算转向心灵、身体和世界三者的构成性维度。

As a basic conception of cognitive science,representation also occupies the foundational position in the traditional epistemology.It is considered as the media of mind and the world.In traditional cognitive science,a special epistemological significance is given to mind-computation,which is separated from the body and the environment.The rising of the first generation of cognitive science was based on this idea.With the development of neuroscience,this theory of representation was questioned by the embodied cognition and many alternative approaches were proposed.Andy Clark has proposed one kind of representation theory he called"action-oriented representation",which claimed cognitive representation is not only concerning mind but also body and the environment.