阐释 共识 差异——关于阐释公度性的注脚

Interpretations, Consensuses, Differences:Footnotes on the Commensurability of Interpretations

阐释是否可以公度?鉴于阐释终须以语言为媒介,借助语言发生于语言之中,阐释的公度性便可转化为语言是否具有公度性。围绕该问题,本文重访了哈贝马斯与利奥塔的现代性之争,聚焦二人的语言哲学及其思想中的政治、伦理时刻。文章的主要观点是,在面对理性的困境时,哈贝马斯和利奥塔不约而同地转向了语言,前者认为语言即共识,后者则将语言定义为差异;相应地,哈贝马斯发展出了公共领域理论,而利奥塔倒向了"异教主义"政治。

Are interpretations commensurable? In view of the fact that interpretations, which take place in languages with the help of languages, must eventually take languages as the medium, the commensurability of interpretations can be transformed into the problem of whether languages are commensurable. Concerning this problem, the paper reviews the dispute between Habermas and Lyotard over modernity, focusing on their language philosophy and political and ethical thoughts. The main viewpoint of the paper is that both Habermas and Lyotard turn to languages unanimously in the face of the dilemma of rationality. The former believes that languages are consensuses, while the latter defines languages as differences. Accordingly, Habermas developed the theory of public domain, while Lyotard turned to the politics of "paganism".