发展着的马克思主义与多维视野下的杜威实用主义

The Developing Marxism and Dewey’s Pragmatism from Multi-dimensional View

五四运动、新中国成立与改革开放都与马克思主义相关,后者与可以融汇同时代各种西方哲学思潮的、以杜威为最大代表的实用主义存在碰撞。"五四"之后、特别是1921年中国共产党成立后,旧民主主义革命转入新民主主义革命,马克思主义传播体系化,并在中国特殊环境下得到创造性发展。杜威实用主义等西方思潮因其在中国背景较为复杂,与马克思主义哲学的关系也较为复杂。新中国成立以后,对实用主义等非马克思主义思潮进行了多次坚定的批判,在思想文化上保障了我国的社会主义方向;但是在批判中也出现简单化等片面性,产生了较大消极后果。改革开放以后,拨乱反正,马克思主义得到了更大的丰富和发展,更进一步显示出只有它才能体现当代世界哲学发展的正确方向。在其指导下,学界从多维视野的角度对杜威实用主义等西方思潮重新进行了评价,既更加准确地揭示和批判了它们的片面性,又注意发现它们体现时代精神发展的某些因素,这反过来促进了马克思主义的丰富和发展。

The May 4 th Movement, the founding of new China and the reform and opening up are all related to Marxism, which colliding with pragmatism represented by Dewey, which can integrate various contemporary western philosophical thoughts. After the May 4 th, particularly after the founding of the Communist party of China in 1921, the old democratic revolution was transformed into the new democratic revolution, and Marxism was systematically disseminated and creatively developed under the special circumstances of China. Due to its complicated background in China, Dewey’s pragmatism and other western thoughts also have complicated relations with Marxist philosophy. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, it made many firm criticisms to non-marxist ideological trends, such as pragmatism. These criticisms ensured the socialist direction of our country in terms of ideology and culture. However, simplification and other one-sidedness also appear in the criticism, which has great negative consequences. After the reform and opening up, Marxism has been enriched and developed more greatly, which further shows that only it can embody the correct direction of the development of contemporary world philosophy. Under its guidance, the academic circle re-evaluated Dewey’s pragmatism and other western thoughts from a multi-dimensional perspective, not only revealing and criticizing their one-sidedness more accurately, but also paying attention to discovering some factors that reflect the development of the spirit of the times, which in turn promoted the enrichment and development of Marxism.