国家公园管理评估体系构建与应用

Development and application of national park management evaluation system

国家公园是我国新的自然保护地类型之一,在我国自然保护地体系中具有主体地位。为保障国家公园的可持续发展,对其管理的有效性进行科学、客观和全面的评估至关重要。遵循国家公园生态保护第一、国家代表性和全民公益性的理念,及其生态保护和科研、教育、游憩等功能定位,按照“条件基础 过程行动 取得成效”的思路,构建了包括管理基础、管理行动和管理成效3个一级指标、9个二级指标、22个三级指标的国家公园管理评估指标体系;沿用基于专家评议的快速记分评价法,通过专家咨询法和层次分析法计算权重和分级赋值,并进行综合评估;基于上述方法,对钱江源国家公园体制试点区管理工作进行了试评估。结果表明,该评估体系能够较好反映钱江源国家公园体制试点管理的现状,有效指导钱江源国家公园体制试点的管理工作,并可为国家公园管理评估标准体系的建立提供借鉴。

A national park is a new type of protected area and plays a dominant role in the protected area system in China.In order to ensure the sustainable development of national parks,it is vital to conduct a scientific,objective,and comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of their management.The concept of a national park is to primarily offer ecological protection,and provide national representation and public welfare to the people.The function of ecological protection includes scientific research,education,and recreation.In accordance with the idea of"basis action effectiveness",this paper presents the national park management evaluation system that includes three first level indicators of management basis,management action,and management effectiveness,nine second level indicators,and 22 third level indicators.Following a fast scoring evaluation method based on expert evaluation,the paper used the expert consultation and analytic hierarchy process(AHP)to calculate weight and determine graded assignment,and carried out a comprehensive assessment.Based on the described method,this paper tries to evaluate the management of the Qianjiang Yuan national park system pilot area.The results show that the evaluation system scientifically reflects the status of the pilot construction and management of Qianjiang Yuan national park system.This knowledge can be used to effectively guide the management of the pilot project of the Qianjiang national park system,and provide a reference for the establishment of the standard national park management evaluation system.