太子河大型底栖动物摄食功能群对河岸带土地利用类型的响应

Response of riparian land-use types to functional groups of benthic macroinvertebrates in Taizi River, Liaoning Province

为研究太子河大型底栖动物摄食功能群对河岸带土地利用类型的响应关系,于2012年5月对太子河流域底栖动物和水环境因子和土地利用类型进行野外调查及数据分析。结果表明:1)太子河流域底栖动物群落在4种不同土地利用类型内具有极显著差异,平均丰度、Shannon Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数在森林用地中最高,分别为8.86、0.73和0.94,平均密度在森林耕作用地中最高(782.75个/m2),除食碎屑者功能群(S),其他摄食功能群在不同土地利用类型内无差异(P>0.05)。2)太子河土地利用类型与水环境因子之间的Pearson分析表明,森林用地与EC、TDS、TN、NH3 N、CODMn之间呈显著负相关性,与DO、IOS之间呈显著正相关性;耕地与DO和IOS之间呈显著负相关性;城镇用地与EC、TDS和TN之间呈正相关性。3)太子河土地利用类型与底栖动物功能群之间的Spearman分析表明森林用地与食碎屑者(S)、刮食者(SC)和收集者(GC)呈正相关性。耕地与食碎屑者(S)、滤食者(FC)之间呈负相关性,城镇用地与刮食者(SC)和收集者(GC)之间呈显著负相关性。4)底栖动物功能群和水环境因子之间的典范对应分析表明,食碎屑者(S)功能群主要受底质指数(IOS)驱动,其他功能群与环境因子之间无相关性。因此,水环境因子和底栖动物群落参数比摄食功能群更能反映人类活动对土地利用的改变,水环境和底栖动物群落研究可为河岸带土地利用保护提供理论依据。

River ecosystems are the most affected habitats globally by human activities,such as the changes of land use in the riparian of river.Macroinvertebrate is an important component of aquatic organisms in freshwater ecosystems and is an important biological indicator of bio assessment in rivers.Macroinvertebrates have been widely used to evaluate the interference and impact of human activities on river ecosystems.Here,we aim to understand the effects of different land use types on the feeding function groups of macroinvertebrate and to evaluate the responses of macroinvertebrates to changes of riparian land use types in the Taizi River Basin(TRB).Based on data of 42 sites,we found that the macroinvertebrate communities were significantly different in four land use types.The average abundance,Shannon Wiener diversity index,and Pielou evenness of macroinvertebrates were the highest values in the forest land with 8.86,0.73 and 0.94,respectively.There were significant negative correlations of forest land and EC,TDS,TN,NH3 N,and CODMn using Pearson analysis,and between farmland and DO,IOS.By Spearman analysis,the results indicated that forest land was positively correlated with shredders,scrapers and collector gatherers,while farmland was negatively correlated with shredders and collector filterers.Canonical correspondence analysis showed that shredders were mainly driven by IOS.In general,the environmental factors and macroinvertebrate community reflect change of human activities more effectively than the functional groups based on our study.The research on water environment and macroinvertebrate community structure can provide a theoretical basis for riparian land use protection.