东北地区粮食型农户家庭农场经营风险认知的影响因素分析

RESEARCH ON INFLUENCING FACTORS OF MANAGENTMENT RISK COGNITION OF GRAIN FAMILY FARM IN NOREASTEASTERN CHINA

[目的]东北地区作为维护国家粮食安全的“压舱石”,准确而系统地掌握东北地区粮食型农户家庭农场经营风险认知水平,为政府部门精准实施粮食型农户家庭农场配套扶持政策提供参考。[方法]文章利用黑龙江、吉林、辽宁3省301个粮食型农户家庭农场调研数据,运用交叉列表和多元有序logit模型分析家庭农场经营风险认知水平及其影响因素。[结果](1)63.12%的粮食型家庭农场有一定风险认知能力,土地经营面积在3.33~13.33hm^2(50~200亩)与13.33~33.33hm^2(200~500亩)的家庭农场风险认知处于中等水平,33.33hm^2(500亩)以上家庭农场经营风险认知低;(2)玉米种植型家庭农场风险认知水平高于水稻种植型家庭农场;(3)年龄、是否村干部、劳动力数量、土地经营规模、是否有自然灾害、农产品市场价格波动、是否“三品一标”认证、金融支持、农推人员技术指导和新型经营主体间合作稳定对东北地区粮食型农户家庭农场经营风险认知有影响。[结论]应培养家庭农场主个人特质,鼓励支农惠农政策向规模适度的家庭农场倾斜,从流程入手提高家庭农场风险防范能力。

Northeastern China area is the foundation of national grain security,this paper aims to grasp the ability of management risk cognition of grain family farm in Northeastern China accurately and systematically,so as to provide scientific plan for accurate implement of government policies.Based on the data of 301 grain family farms from Heilongjiang,Jilin,Liaoning province,cross-list and O-logit model were used to analyze the risk cognitive level of family farm and its influencing factors.The results showed that 63.12%of grain family farms had certain risk perception abilities.The risk perception of family farms with land management area of 3.33~13.33 hm^2 and 13.33~33.33 hm^2 was in the middle level,and that of family farms with land management area of more than 33.33 hm^2 was low.The risk perception level of corn-type family farms was higher than that of rice-type family farms.Age,village cadres,labor,land scale,natural disaster,agricultural products price,brand,financial support,technology and cooperation were significant for grain family farm.In summary,cultivating the individual characteristics of family farmers,encouraging the policy of supporting farms and improving the risk cognition ability of family farms from the process.