菠萝蜜主要功能活性成分及其研究进展

Research Progress on Main Functional Components of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.

菠萝蜜既是一种特色的热带木本粮食作物,也是特色热带水果,成熟的菠萝蜜果肉肥厚、芳香可口、香味浓郁。果肉和种子是菠萝蜜主要组成部分,二者占果实重量超过70%。果肉含有丰富的碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪、纤维、维生素、矿物质等营养成分,富含菠萝蜜多糖、酚类化合物、类胡萝卜素、抗氧化成分等功能组分,具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗癌、辅助降血糖、提高免疫力等有益的生理作用;种子含有丰富的淀粉、蛋白质、脂肪、膳食纤维和其他微量元素等营养组分,可以用作食品增稠剂或粮食作物,富含抗性淀粉、皂苷、生物碱、有机酸、氨基酸等功能活性成分,具有缓解痉挛、制止副交感神经系统冲动、增强免疫力、调节情绪、预防衰老等生理功效。系统综述了菠萝蜜果肉、种子的功能活性成分及其研究进展,并在此基础上展望菠萝蜜的研究方向和应用前景,为菠萝蜜的进一步综合开发利用提供理论参考,以期菠萝蜜在功能性食品和医药领域发挥更大的作用。

Jackfruit(Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) is a tropical woody crop, which is also characteristic tropical fruit. Ripe jackfruit pulp looks fleshy, aromatic, and delicious. The pulp and seeds are the main components of jackfruit, accounting for more than 70% of the fruit weight. The pulp is rich in nutrients including carbohydrate, protein, fat, fiber, vitamins and minerals. The functional components such as polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, carotenoids and antioxidants exert beneficially physiological effects including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, lowering blood sugar and improve immunity, etc. The seeds are rich in nutrients such as starch, protein, fat, dietary fiber and other trace elements, which can be used as food thickeners or grain crops.There are also abundant functional components such as resistant starch, saponins, alkaloids, organic acids,amino acids, and other functional ingredients. And they play important role on anti spasmodic effect, stopping the parasympathetic impulse, enhancing immunity, regulating mood, and preventing aging.In this paper, the functional components of jackfruit pulp and seed as well as their research progress were systematically reviewed. Based on this, the research direction and application prospects of jackfruit were prospected, which provided a theoretical reference for the further comprehensive development and utilization of jackfruit. This paper could play a bigger role in making jackfruit to be used in functional food and medicine.